http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2015/09/economist-explains-20
THE Yamaguchi-Gumi, one of the world's largest and most ferocious gangs, is estimated to earn over $6 billion a year from drugs, protection, loan-sharking, real-estate rackets and even, it is said, Japan¡¯s stock exchange. This year, the organisation's 100th, over 2,000 of its 23,400 members split away, leaving police nervous about what fallout might follow; a war between rival gangs in the mid-1980s claimed over two dozen lives. And yet membership of the yakuza?as Japan's crime syndicates are known?is not technically illegal.
¼¼°è ÃÖ´ëÀÌ¸ç °¡Àå ÀܾÇÇÑ °» ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ ¡°¾ß¸¶±¸Ä¡-±¸¹Ì¡±´Â ¾à¹°, °æÈ£, °í¸® ´ë±Ý¾÷,
ºÎµ¿»ê Åõ±â, ½ÉÁö¾î ÀϺ»ÀÇ Áõ±Ç°Å·¡¼Ò¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿¬°£ 6Á¶¿øÀ» ¹ú¾îµéÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Æò°¡µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¿ÃÇØ·Î 100ÁÖ³âÀ» ¸ÂÀÌÇÏ´Â ÀÌ Á¶Á÷ÀÇ 23,400¸í Áß 2,000¸í ÀÌ»óÀÌ ÂÉ°³¾î Áö¸é¼ °æÂûÀÌ ±äÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¶óÀ̹ú °»µé°£ÀÇ ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î 1980³â´ë¿¡ 20¿© ¸íÀÌ Á×¾ú´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾ßÄíÀÚ´Â ¾ö¹ÐÈ÷ ¸»ÇØ ÀϺ»¿¡¼± ºÒ¹ýÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
Finding a mob hangout requires little more than a telephone book. Tokyo¡¯s richest crime group has an office tucked off the back streets of the glitzy Ginza shopping district. A bronze nameplate on the door helpfully identifies the Sumiyoshi-kai, another large criminal organisation. Full gang members carry business cards and register with the police. Some have pension plans.
ÆøµµÀÇ ¾ÆÁöÆ®¸¦ ã´Â °ÍÀº ÀüȹøÈ£ºÎ¸¦ µÚÀûÀÌ´Â ¼ö°í¸¸À¸·Î ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù.
µµÄìÀÇ °¡Àå ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ¹üÁË Á¶Á÷Àº È·ÁÇÑ ÁøÀÚ ¼îÇΰŸ®ÀÇ µÞ°ñ¸ñ¿¡ »ç¹«½ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Á¤¹®ÀÇ Ã»µ¿ ¹®Æд ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¹üÁËÁ¶Á÷ÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ ½º¹Ì¿ä½Ã Ä«ÀÌ(ñ¬ÑÎ?)ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¸°´Ù.
¸ðµç °»¿øÀº Ä«µå¾÷¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ¸ç °æÂû ¸íºÎ¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
ÀϺδ ¿¬±Ý¿¡µµ °¡ÀԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù.
The yakuza emerged from misfit pedlars and gamblers in the Edo period (between 1603 and 1868) that formed into criminal gangs. During Japan¡¯s turbo-charged modernisation, they reached deep into the economy; after the second world war they grew powerful in black markets. Their might peaked in the 1960s with an estimated membership of 184,000. At their zenith, they had strong links to conservative politicians and were used by the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), Japan¡¯s post-war political behemoth, to break up unions and left-wing demonstrations. Such ties may not have completely faded.
¾ßÄíÀÚ´Â ¿¡µµ ½Ã´ë(1603~1868)ÀÇ Çà»óÀΰú µµ¹Ú²Ûµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ Çü¼ºµÇ¾î ¹üÁËÁ¶Á÷À¸·Î
¹ßÀüÇß´Ù. ÀϺ»ÀÇ ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ ±Ù´ëÈ °úÁ¤ Áß À̵éÀº °æÁ¦ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ±í°Ô °ü¿©Çß´Ù.
2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü ÈÄ À̵éÀº ¾Ï½ÃÀå¿¡¼ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ °®À¸¸ç ¼ºÀåÇß´Ù.
1960³â´ë¿¡ À̵éÀº Á¶Á÷¿øÀÌ 184,000¸í¿¡ ´ÞÇϸç Á¤Á¡À» Âï¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ ÀýÁ¤±â¿¡ À̵éÀº °ÇÑ º¸¼ö´ç°ú ¿¬°èµÇ¾ú°í Àڹδ翡 ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀڹδçÀº ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ°ú ÁÂÆÄÀÇ µ¥¸ð¸¦ ±ú±â À§ÇØ ÀüÈÄ¿¡ µîÀåÇÑ °Å´ëÇÑ Á¤Ä¡ ¼¼·ÂÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¿¬´ë(Àڹδç°ú ¾ßÄíÀÚ¿ÍÀÇ)´Â ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Åð»öÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
This history may explain in part why the gangs are not exactly illegal. But partly under pressure from America, which wants Japan to rein in financial crime, the mob is being brought to heel. Yakuza-exclusion ordinances, introduced three years ago, stop companies from knowingly engaging in business with gangsters. Businesses from banks to corner shops are now obliged to confirm that customers have no ties to organised crime.
ÀÌ ¿ª»ç°¡ ¿Ö °»´ÜÀÌ Á¤È®È÷ ºÒ¹ýÀÌ ¾Æ´ÑÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀϺΠ¼³¸íÇØÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ÀϺ»Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±ÝÀ¶¹üÁËÀÇ °í»ß¸¦ Áã±â¸¦ ¿øÇß´ø ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¾Ð·Â ¾Æ·¡¿¡
¾ÆÄíÀÚ´Â µÚ·Î ¹°·¯³µ´Ù.
3³â Àü¿¡ µµÀÔµÈ ¾ßÄíÀÚ-Ãß¹æ ¹ý·ÉÀº ȸ»ç°¡ °íÀÇ·Î °»´Ü°ú ¿¬°èÇÏÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï Çß´Ù.
ÀºÇà¿¡¼ ¼Ò¸ÅÁ¡¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ¸ðµç »ç¾÷Àº °í°´ÀÌ ¹üÁËÁ¶Á÷°ú ¿¬°èµÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ½À» ¸íÈ®È÷
Çϵµ·Ï Àǹ«ÈµÇ¾ú´Ù.
Known gangsters cannot open bank accounts. Still, there are no plans to criminalise the gangs themselves. The police believe that would drive crime underground, says Hiroki Allen, a security and finance consultant who studies the yakuza. At least now they are regulated and subject to the law, he says: gangsters have often been known to surrender by walking into police stations. ¡°If one member does something bad you can call in the boss and take the whole gang down,¡± he says.
Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø °»´Ü¿øµéÀº ÀºÇà°èÁ¸¦ °³¼³ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ °»´Ü ÀÚü¸¦ ºÒ¹ýÈÇÒ °èȹÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ ¾ø´Ù.
¾ßÄíÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â º¸¾È°ú ÀçÁ¤ ÄÁ¼³ÅÏÆ®ÀÎ È÷·ÎÅ°¾¾´Â °æÂûÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¶Ä¡°¡ ±×µéÀ» ÁöÇÏ°æÁ¦·Î À̲ø °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
Àû¾îµµ ¹üÁËÁ¶Á÷Àº ¹ýÀ» ÁؼöÇÏ°í º¹Á¾ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ±×´Â ¸»Çß´Ù; °»µéÀº Á¾Á¾ °æÂû°ú ¸Â´Ú¶ß¸®¸é Ç׺¹ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
¡°¸¸ÀÏ ÇÑ ¸É¹ö°¡ ³ª»Û ¹º°¡ÀÇ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÇÏ¸é °æÂûÀº º¸½º¿¡°Ô ÀüÈÇÏ°í Àü °»µéÀº ¸Ó¸®¸¦ Á¶¾Æ¸°´Ù¡±°í ±×´Â ¸»Çß´Ù.
The upshot is that the yakuza still operate in plain view in a way that would be unthinkable in America or Europe. Fan magazines, comic books and movies glamorise them. Major gang bosses are quasi-celebrities. Though membership has shrunk to a record low of 53,500, according to the National Police Agency, "muscle work" is subcontracted to freelancers with no police records.
°á±¹ ¾ßÄíÀÚ´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹Ì±¹À̳ª À¯·´¿¡¼´Â »ý°¢Çϱâ Èûµç ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿î¿µµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀâÁö, ¸¸È, ¿µÈ¿¡¼ ±×µéÀº ¹ÌȵȴÙ. °»º¸½ºµéÀº À¯¸íÀλç´Ù.
ȸ¿øÀÌ 53,500À¸·Î ±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÙ¾úÁö¸¸ ¡°±ÙÀ° ³ëµ¿¡±Àº Àü°ú°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ÇÁ¸®·»¼µé¿¡°Ô
Çϵµ±ÞµÈ´Ù.
A tougher core of gangsters has migrated from the mob's traditional cash cows into financial crimes that may be harder to detect. The yakuza have also been involved in the Fukushima nuclear cleanup and are thought to be eyeing rich pickings from construction and entertainment ahead of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. As long as violence from the recent split does not spill over into the streets, nobody expects the yakuza to be seriously impeded. Japan, it seems, prefers organised crime to the disorganised alternative.
°»´Ü¿øÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀλç´Â °»µéÀÇ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ½ÃÀå¿¡¼ ŽÁöÇϱⰡ ´õ ¾î·Á¿î ±ÝÀ¶¹üÁË·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¾ßÄíÀÚ´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÈÄÄí½Ã¸¶ Ç٠ó¸®(¿øÀü»ç°í µÞÁ¤¸®)¿Í ¿¬·çµÇ¾îÀÖ°í 2020³â µµÄì ¿Ã¸²ÇÈÀ» ¸Â¾Æ µ· ¹úÀÌ°¡ µÇ´Â °Ç¼³°ú ¿¬¿¹ »ç¾÷¿¡µµ ´«µ¶À» µéÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °£Áֵǰí ÀÖ´Ù.
À̹ø ºÐ¿·Î Æø·ÂÀÌ °Å¸®¿¡¼ Ç¥ÃâµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ¾ßÄíÀÚ°¡ ½É°¢ÇÏ°Ô Å¸°Ý¹Þ±â¸¦
±â´ëÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾î¼¸é ÀϺ»ÀεéÀº »çºÐ¿À¿µÈ ¹üÁËÁ¶Á÷º¸´Ù´Â ÅëÁ¦µÇ´Â Á¶Á÷À» ´õ ¼±È£ÇÏ´ÂÁöµµ ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù.
Èï¹Ì·Î¿î °ÍÀº ÀÌ ±â»ç(ÀÌÄÚ³ë¹Ì½ºÆ®) ¸»¹Ì¿¡ ohjeremy¶õ ÀÚ°¡ ´Ü ´ñ±ÛÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¸ô¿°Ä¡ÇÑ ÀÚ(º£ÃæÀÌ)µéÀº ¾îµð¿¡³ª ÀÖ±º¿ä...
ohjeremySep 30th, 15:13
However, in a strange thing, the left wings and Unions aggressive in Japan even now. In fact, many of Japanese left-wings are follower of Chinese or Korean nationalism. And most of Yakuzas are Koreans. After WWII, the American occupation army employed gang unofficially. Their main purpose were to kill Japanese people, and steal their land by force. It was a Korean gangs. You don't report on this article about Korean problem in Japan. I am dissatisfied with it.
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ»ó°ÍÀº, ÀϺ»¿¡¼ÀÇ ÁÂÆijª °ø°ÝÀûÀÎ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀº...
»ç½Ç, ÀϺ» ÁÂÆÄÀÇ »ó´ç¼ö´Â Áß±¹°ú Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·ÁÖÀÇ ÃßÁ¾ÀÚµéÀÌ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ¾ßÄíÀÚÀÇ ´ë´Ù¼ö´Â Çѱ¹ÀεéÀÌ´Ù.
2Â÷ ´ëÀü ÈÄ ¹Ì±ºÀº ºñ°ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î °»µéÀ» °í¿ëÇß´Ù.
À̵éÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀº ÀϺ»ÀÎÀ» Á×ÀÌ°í ±×µéÀÇ Àç»êÀ» °¾ÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¾àÅ»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº Çѱ¹ÀÇ °»´ÜÀÌ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐ(ÀÌÄÚ³ë¹Ì½ºÆ®)Àº ÀϺ»¿¡¼ÀÇ Çѱ¹ÀÎ ¹®Á¦¿¡ °üÇØ º¸µµÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
³ª´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ºÒ¸¸½º·´´Ù.